Strategies and Advances in Mitigating Heat Stress for Lactating Sows Productivity

This review addresses the intricate challenges posed by heat stress on lactating sows within the context of swine production. As temperatures continue to rise globally, the physiological responses of lactating sows to heat stress, including thermoregulation, hormonal dynamics, and metabolic impacts, become increasingly critical. The exploration encompasses diverse facets, including ambient temperature, humidity, ventilation, and current management practices. Analyzing existing approaches reveals nutritional strategies, technological innovations, and dietary adjustments aimed at enhancing thermal resilience. Furthermore, advancements in cooling systems, smart farming solutions, and considerations for sow welfare are explored. The review extends to stress indicators, enrichment strategies, and genetic approaches, emphasizing the importance of holistic farm management. The complexities of selective breeding, genetic markers, and molecular tools are unveiled alongside reproductive and lactation management strategies. The discussion culminates in holistic farm management, success stories, and a forward-looking exploration of emerging technologies and unexplored frontiers in heat stress mitigation for lactating sows. This synthesis contributes to a nuanced understanding and strategic approach to ensure the well-being and productivity of lactating sows within the evolving landscape of contemporary swine production.