안전한 펫푸드의 설계와 생산

Pet food differs fundamentally from livestock feed in that companion animals consume a single diet over extended periods, often for their entire lifespan. This characteristic amplifies the risk of cumulative exposure to both nutritional excesses and chemical contaminants. This review provides a comprehensive framework for designing and producing safe dry pet food, covering the entire value chain from raw material safety to finished product quality control. Raw material management addresses mycotoxins, biogenic amines, heavy metals, pesticide residues, and lipid oxidation, with particular emphasis on the stricter standards required for pet food compared with livestock feed. Nutritional design principles are discussed including metabolizable energy calculation using the modified Atwater method, the four-tier nutrient requirement system established by the National Research Council (NRC 2006), and the critical importance of daily dose-based formulation for functional ingredients. Production safety encompasses hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) principles applied to weighing accuracy, mixing uniformity, extrusion parameters, contamination prevention through zoning, traffic flow management, environmental controls, and multi-stage foreign material detection. Traceability systems linking raw material lots through production to distribution are described as essential for rapid recall response. The review also examines major recall cases including the 2007 melamine contamination, the 2019 vitamin D overdose incident, and aflatoxin recalls, illustrating the severe health consequences of safety failures such as acute renal failure, hepatotoxicity, and Heinz body hemolytic anemia. This work aims to provide livestock feed industry professionals with a practical understanding of the unique safety requirements in pet food manufacturing.