Table 2. Example of total mixed ration formulation for Hanwoo steers

Item Growing stage Early fattening stage Fermented feed Ingredient price (KRW)
Ingredient composition (%)
 Basal diet - - 32.0 530
 Molasses - - 3.0 480
 Corn flake 3.0 26.5 - 520
 Soybean meal 1.0 5.0 - 855
 Rice bran - - 31.0 250
 Enoki mushroom 24.7 4.2 - 55
 Bread meal 7.0 5.0 - 350
 Brewer’s grain 7.0 9.5 - 100
 Fermented feed (self-produced) 22.0 22.0 - 292
 Alfalfa pellets 6.0 - - 620
 Alfalfa hay 5.0 - - 750
 Italian ryegrass 15.6 - - 250
 Wild grass 7.8 - - 285
 Rice straw - 15.0 - 257
 Ryegrass (imported) - 2.5 - 400
 Salt 0.3 0.3 0.5 250
 Limestone 0.6 - - 100
 Vitamin premix 0.02 0.005 - 10,000
 Urea - - 0.2 800
 Probiotic culture broth (self-produced) - - 3.0 270
 Water - 10.01 30.3 1
 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 -
 Total cost 273.6 330.7 269.0 -
Chemical composition
 Moisture (%) 41.7 40.5 41.0
 Roughage content (%, DM) 41.0 18.9 -
 Total digestible nutrients (%, DM) 67.3 80.5 85.0
 Crude protein (%, DM) 16.7 14.4 18.3
 Crude fat (%, DM) 5.5 5.4 12.2
 Neutral detergent fiber (%, DM) 43.0 29.1 29.5
 Acid detergent fiber (%, DM) 26.2 17.8 13.8