Table 3. Analysis of fermentation characteristics using mixed rumen fluid

Item	CNSL (%)					SEM	p-value
	0	0.02	0.2	1	2		Linear	Quadratic
IVDMD (%)	58.4	58	64.7	58.2	61.2	3.22	0.9862	0.3784
NH3-N (mg/dL)	42.9	43.1	44.3	45.4	44.1	1.15	0.4495	0.3590
Total VFA (mM)	84.5	93.1	91.6	88.2	87.4	5.65	0.6516	0.7020
Fitted parameters of gas
Acetate	619ab	622a	622a	603b	578c	3.70	< 0.001	0.5353
Propionate	159c	160c	161c	176b	195a	0.87	< 0.001	0.0568
Butyrate	112	113	112	110	113	0.85	0.8328	< 0.05
A:P ratio	3.89a	3.88a	3.86a	3.42b	2.96c	0.02	< 0.001	0.5732

Means within a row with different superscript letters indicate significant differences among the treatments (p < 0.05).