| Housing management(temperature) | Four different environmental temperatures; normal temperature, acute heat stress, chronic heat stress for two weeks, chronic heat stress for four weeks | Cyclic heat stress negatively impacted the performance of laying hens, reducing feed intake and egg production | [12] |
| Housing management(temperature) | Three different cages; cages with warmed perches (30°C), regular perches, no perches | Warmed perches during the cold exposure improved feed consumption and egg quality traits by thermoregulation | [16] |
| Housing management(temperature and humidity) | Chronic heat stress with three different relative humidity; low humidity (25%), moderate humidity (50%), and high humidity (75%) in high temperature (30°C) | High humidity (75%) in high temperature (30°C) reduces the weight of eggshell, yolk, and albumen | [18] |
| Housing management(ventilation) | Chronic heat stress with four different ventilation flows; 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 m/s | High ventilation rate (3.0 m/s) improved egg production, whereas a low rate (0.5 m/s) negatively affected production and quality | [21] |
| Housing management(lighting system) | Four different lighting intensities; 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 Lux | Increasing lighting intensity between 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 Lux improved egg production performance | [24] |
| Housing management(lighting system) | Two lighting systems; light-emitting diode (LED strip) and conventional LED lamp lighting system | LED strip improved egg production performance compared to conventional LED lamp lighting system | [26] |
| Housing management(lighting program) | Three different lighting systems; conventional lighting system (16L:8D), Biomittent lighting system (40 minutes lighting: 20 minutes of darkness), Biomittent lighting system (20 minutes of lighting: 40 minutes darkness) | Biomittent lighting system (20 minutes of lighting: 40 minutes of darkness) improved laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and eggshell thickness | [27] |
| Housing management(lighting program) | Two lighting program; Cornell lighting program (2L:4D:8L:10D) and conventinal lighting system (16L:8D) | Cornell lighting program (2L:4D:8L:10D) improved egg laying performance and decreased feed intake, egg size, and consumption of electricity | [33] |
| Housing management(drinking water) | Four experimental drinking water; basic drinking water, basic drinking water + 0.05% wild ginseng, basic drinking water + 0.1% wild ginseng, basic drinking water + 0.5% wild ginseng | Drinking water with ginseng supplementation improved laying rate, egg mass, egg weight, and ginsenoside saponin in the yolk | [35] |
| Housing management(drinking water) | Two experimental drinking water; non-magnetic water and magnetic water | Supplying magnetic water increased egg weight and egg mass | [36] |
| Housing management(drinking water) | Four experimental drinking water; unsupplemented drinking water, drinking water + 2 mg/L Ca + 250 mg/L Mg, drinking water + 4 mg/L Ca + 510 mg/L Mg, drinking water + 5 mg/L Ca + 760 mg/L Mg | Supplying water supplemented with calcium and magnesium improved eggshell thickness and strength | [37] |
| Housing management(drinking water) | Waterline cleaning in poultry houses; continuously add slightly acidic electrolyzed water into the waterline and the conventional waterline disinfection method, which includes regular use of high-concentration chemical disinfectant for soaking the waterline and flushing with water | Supplying water supplemented with electrolyzed water increased egg weight and yolk color | [39] |
| Feeding management(alternative feed ingredients) | Experimental diets include the same energy and crude protein composition but different dietary protein sources; soybean meal, cottonseed, and rapeseed meal | Feeding a diet with cottonseed meal as a dietary protein source decreased egg mass and albumen quality | [43] |
| Feeding management(alternative feed ingredients) | Experimental diets including dried distillers grains and solubles for 0%, 10%, and 20% | Feeding a diet including 20% of dried distillers grains and solubles decreased the production of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide without deteriorating egg production performance | [47] |
| Feeding management(alternative feed ingredients) | Three dietary treatments; a basal diet, and two experimental diets comprising the basal diet plus Tenebrio molitor larvae meal at 2.5% or 5% inclusion rate | Feeding diet plus T. molitor larvae meal improved egg production performance and feed conversion ratio | [49] |
| Feeding management(feeding of growing pullets) | Three dietary treatments including different nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy; 2,850, 2,565, and 2,280 kcal/kg | Reducing AMEn in feed improved laying rate, egg mass, and settable eggs | [53] |
| Feeding management(dietary protein level) | Two dietary treatments including different crude protein compositions; basal diet and low protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acid | Application of low protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acid reduced nitrogen excretion without deteriorating egg production | [57] |
| Feeding management(dietary calcium and phosphorus) | Five experimental diets; basal diet with 0.35% available phosphorus and 3.5% calcium, basal diet reduced in available phosphorus and calcium levels by 0.187%, 0.159% of the diet, respectively, or severely reduced by 0.231%, 0.275% of the diet, respectively. Other diets were supplemented with phytase | Egg production, body weight, and bone densitometry in hens fed a calcium-phosphorus deficient diet supplemented with phytase was comparable to hens fed the basal diet | [58] |
| Feeding management(dietary calcium) | Two dietary treatments including different calcium compositions; 2.5%, and 3.8% of calcium | A feeding diet including 3.8 calcium improved eggshell quality, especially in the late laying period | [62] |
| Feeding management(feeding strategy) | Three feeding strategies; feeding 3 times a day, or feeding once a day in the morning at 08:00, in the noon at 12:00, or in the afternoon at 16:00 | Feeding at 16:00 changed the pattern of feed consumption and exerted a positive influence on eggshell thickness | [66] |