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Animal Industry and Technology
Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology

Anim Ind Technol

pISSN: 2383-5761, eISSN: 2383-6385

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5187/ait.2500014

Article

Replacement value of cashew nuts in swine diets

Thi Pham1, Yoojin Koh1, Yeojin An1, Duc Do2, Soo-Ki Kim1, Beob Kim1,*
1Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
2Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 12406, Viet Nam.
*Corresponding Author: Beob Gyun Kim, Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea, Republic of. E-mail: bgkim@konkuk.ac.kr.

© Copyright 2025 Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Jul 16, 2025; Revised: Aug 07, 2025; Accepted: Aug 11, 2025

Published Online: Sep 29, 2025

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to calculate the replacement value of cashew nuts used in corn-soybean meal-based swine diets based on metabolizable energy and nutrient concentrations in cashew nuts by using Microsoft<sup>®</sup> Excel 2020. The replacement price of cashew nuts was determined by calculating the replacement coefficients of corn, soybean meal, crystalline amino acids, choice white grease, limestone, and dicalcium phosphate with cashew nuts based on metabolizable energy, standardized ileal digestible amino acids (<sub>L</sub>-Lys-HCl, <sub>DL</sub>-Met, <sub>L</sub>-Thr, and <sub>L</sub>-Trp), total calcium, and standardized total tract digestible phosphorus to fully replace the conventional feed ingredients with no changes in the nutrient composition of diet. The equation for the replacement coefficient was: 1 × cashew nuts + 0.16635 × corn + 0.01302 × <sub>L</sub>-Lys-HCl + 0.00163 × <sub>DL</sub>-Met + 0.00521 × <sub>L</sub>-Thr + 0.00143 × <sub>L</sub>-Trp + 0.00139 × limestone = 0.68860 × soybean meal + 0.49980 × choice white grease + 0.00063 × dicalcium phosphate. Based on the equation for the replacement coefficients and the current prices of the conventional ingredients, the optimum price of cashew nuts was 1,126 won/kg. When an estimated price of cashew nuts is 1,000 won/kg with inclusion rate of 5% in pig diets, the feed cost is saved by approximately 6.30 won/kg. Overall, the Excel spreadsheet developed in the present study enables the estimation of feed cost changes by updating the price of the ingredients and the inclusion rate of cashew nuts.

Keywords: Cashew nuts; Feed price; Replacement coefficients; Swine